where science and ethics intersect with politics
The Ninth Amendment affirms that the rights listed in the Constitution do not limit the broader liberties retained by the people. Designed to prevent the narrowing of freedom, it recognizes that constitutional protections extend beyond what is written on the page and evolve as society changes.
The Eighth Amendment protects against excessive fines, excessive bail, and “cruel and unusual punishments.” In a nation still debating what compassion means, the amendment remains one of the Constitution’s most important moral boundaries.
The Humane Herald 